Floating batteries were used by the French and British during the Crimean War and by both sides during the American Civil War. These carried either naval long guns or carronades. During the Napoleonic Wars, the Royal Navy commissioned several vessels of the Musquito class and Firm class. An early use was by the French and Spanish during the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779–1782). However, small vessels armed with large mortars saw use as late as the American Civil War, when the Union Navy used them in several attacks on coastal fortifications.ĭuring the 18th century, another special class of vessel known as floating battery was devised for shore bombardment. They were typically poor sailing craft that were of limited use outside their specialized role. These were small ships whose main armament was one or two large mortars that fired explosive shells at a high angle. The burning of Falmouth by the Royal Navy was among the grievances of the United States Declaration of Independence. An early type of vessel designed for the purpose of shore bombardment was the bomb vessel, which came into use during the 17th century. When on the gun line, ships are particularly vulnerable to attack from aircraft coming from a landward direction and flying low to avoid radar detection, or from submarines because of a predictable and steady (non-evasive) course.Īn early use of shore bombardment was during the Siege of Calais in 1347 when Edward III of England deployed ships carrying bombards and other artillery. Naval gunfire support is classified into two types: direct fire, where the ship has line of sight with the target (either visually or through the use of radar), and indirect fire, which, to be accurate, requires an artillery observer to adjust fire. Shipborne guns have been used against shore defences since medieval naval warfare. Modern naval gunfire support is one of the three main components of amphibious warfare assault operations support, along with aircraft and ship-launched land-attack missiles. NGFS is one of several disciplines encompassed by the term naval fires. Naval gunfire support ( NGFS), also known as naval surface fire support ( NSFS), or shore bombardment, is the use of naval artillery to provide fire support for amphibious assault and other troops operating within their range. Use of naval artillery to provide fire support USS Iowa fires a full broadside of nine 16 in/50 and six 5 in/38 guns during a target exercise near Vieques Island, Puerto Rico, 1 July 1984.
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